SPANISH SPECIAL TAXES AND THE TAX HARMONIZATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION




NEXUS BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY, NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, CO2 EMISSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICA

This paper examines the nexus amid renewable energy, non-renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in South Africa.VECM and Granger causality approach were employed in the paper.Empirical result suggested that carbon emissions granger cause GDPC uni-directionally.Essentially, From the various empirical estimation, it is discov

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IR finite S-matrix by gauge invariant dressed states

Abstract Dressed states were proposed to define the infrared (IR) finite S-matrix in QED or gravity.We show that the original Kulish-Faddeev dressed states are not enough to cure the IR divergences.To illustrate this problem, we consider QED with background currents (Wilson lines).This theory is exactly solvable but shares the same IR problems as t

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